Functional shifts in weed community composition following adoption of conservation agriculture

To better understand the changes in weed communities following adoption of conservation agriculture (CA), we investigated functional composition fields implementing CA continuously from 1 to 21 years. Weed surveys were conducted 100 winter wheat 53 farmers Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region, Eastern France. Ten response traits selected highlight communities, using weighted mean value for quantitative and an approach based on analysis qualitative traits. Out 10 traits, four impacted by time significantly, whereas two only showed trends. Specific leaf area, dry matter content, seed dispersal mode soil seedbank longevity did not change over CA, observed plant type, Raunkiær's life forms, Ellenberg's indicator light and, germination flowering periods. Phanerophyte geophyte summer-germinating species spring- summer-flowering increased with CA. Shade-tolerant species, present recently converted established later. Community-weighted mass percentage graminoids tended increase Some shifts occurred quicker than others (i.e., after at least years continuous application principles). These results can be used inform moving towards about expected changes.